English Grammar in Use - CONTENTS
Thanks
vii
To the
student viii
To the
teacher ix
Present and past
1
Present continuous (I am doing)
2
Present simple (I do)
3
Present continuous and present simple (1) (I am doing and I do)
4
Present continuous and present simple (2) (I am doing and I do)
5 Past
simple (I did)
6 Past
continuous (I was doing)
Present perfect and past
7
Present perfect (1) (I have done)
8
Present perfect (2) (I have done)
9
Present perfect continuous (I have been doing)
10
Present perfect continuous and simple (I have been doing and I have done)
11 How
long have you (been) ...?
12 When
...? and How long ...? For and since
13
Present perfect and past (1) (I have done and I did)
14
Present perfect and past (2) (I have done and I did)
15 Past
perfect (I had done)
16 Past
perfect continuous (I had been doing)
17 Have
and have got
18 Used
to (do)
Future
19
Present tenses (I am doing/I do) for the future
20 (I'm)
going to (do)
21
Will/shall (1)
22
Will/shall (2)
23 I
will and I'm going to
24 Will
be doing and will have done
25 When
I do/When I've done When and if
Modals
26 Can,
could and (be) able to
27 Could
(do) and could have (done)
28 Must
and can't
29 May
and might (1)
30 May
and might (2)
31 Must
and have to
32 Must
mustn't needn't
33
Should (1)
34
Should (2)
35 Had
better It's time ...
36
Can/Could/Would you ...? etc. (Requests, offers, permission and invitations)
Conditionals and 'wish'
37 If I
do ... and If I did ...
38 If I
knew ... I wish I knew ...
39 If I
had known ... I wish I had known ...
40 Would
I wish ... would
Passive
41
Passive (1) (is done/was done)
42
Passive (2) (be/been/being done)
43
Passive (3)
44 It is
said that ... He is said to ... (be) supposed to ...
45 Have
something done
Reported speech
46
Reported speech (1) (He said that ...
47
Reported speech (2)
Questions and auxiliary verbs
48
Questions (1)
49
Questions (2) (Do you know where ...? I She asked me where ...
50
Auxiliary verbs (have/do/can etc.) I think so
I hope so etc.
51
Question tags (do you? isn't it? etc.)
~ing and the infinitive
52 Verb
+ ~ing (enjoy doing/stop doing etc.)
53 Verb
+ to ... (decide to do/forget to do etc.)
54 Verb
+ (object) + to ... (I want (you) to do etc.)
55 Verb
+ ~ing or to ... (1) (remember/regret etc.)
56 Verb
+ ~ing or to ... (2) (try/need/help)
57 Verb
+ ~ing or to ... (3) (like/would like etc.)
58
Prefer and would rather
59
Preposition (in/for/about etc.) + ~ing
60
Be/get used to something (I'm used to ...
61 Verb
+ preposition + ~ing (succeed in ~ing/accuse somebody of ~ing etc.)
62
Expressions + ~ing
63 To
... for ... and so that ... (purpose)
64
Adjective + to ...
65 To
... (afraid to do) and preposition + ~ing (afraid of ~ing)
66 See
somebody do and see somebody doing
67 ~ing
clauses (Feeling tired, I went to bed early.)
Articles and nouns
68
Countable and uncountable nouns (1)
69
Countable and uncountable nouns (2)
70
Countable nouns with a/an and some
71 A/an
and the
72 The
(1)
73 The
(2) (School/the school)
74 The
(3) (Children/the children)
75 The
(4) (The giraffe/the telephone/the piano etc.; the + adjective)
76 Names
with and without the (1)
77 Names
with and without the (2)
78
Singular and plural
79 Noun
+ noun (a tennis ball/a headache etc.)
80 -'s
(the girl's name) and of ... (the name of the book)
Pronouns and determiners
82
Myself/yourself/themselves etc.
83 There
... and it ...
84 Some
and any
85
No/none/any
86 Much,
many, little, few, a lot, plenty
87
All/all of most/most of no/none of etc.
88
Both/both of neither/neither of either/either of
89 All,
every and whole
90 Each
and every
Relative clauses
91
Relative clauses (1)-clauses with who/that/which
92
Relative clauses (2)-clauses with or without who/that/which
93
Relative clauses (3)-whose/whom/where
94
Relative clauses (4)-'extra information' clauses (1)
95
Relative clauses (5)-'extra information' clauses (2)
96 ~ing
and -ed clauses (the woman talking to Tom, the boy injured in the accident)
Adjectives and adverbs
97
Adjectives ending in ~ing and -ed (boring/bored etc.)
98
Adjectives: word order (a nice new house) Adjectives after verbs (You look
tired)
99
Adjectives and adverbs (1) (quick/quickly)
100
Adjectives and adverbs (2) (well/fast/late, hard/hardly)
101 So
and such
103
Quite and rather
104
Comparison (1)-cheaper, more expensive etc.
105
Comparison (2)
106 Comparison (3)-as ... as than
107
Superlatives-the longest/the most enjoyable etc.
108 Word
order (1)-verb + object; place and time
109 Word
order (2)-adverbs with the verb
110
Still, yet and already Any more/any longer no longer
111 Even
Conjunctions and prepositions
112
Although/though/even though In spite of despite
114
Unless As long as and provided/providing
115 As
(reason and time)
116 Like
and as
117 As
if
118 For,
during and while
119 By
and until By the time ...
Prepositions
120
At/on/in (time)
121 On
time/in time At the end in the end
122
Wat/on (place) (1)
123
In/at/on (place) (2)
124
In/at/on (place) (3)
125
To/at/in/into
126
On/in/at (other uses)
127 By
128 Noun
+ preposition (reason for, cause of etc.)
129
Adjective + preposition (1)
130
Adjective + preposition (2)
131 Verb
+ preposition (1) at and to
132 Verb
+ preposition (2) about/for/of/after
133 Verb
+ preposition (3) about and of
134 Verb
+ preposition (4) of/for/from/on
135 Verb
+ preposition (5) in/into/with/to/on
136
Phrasal verbs (get up/break down/fill in etc.)
Appendix
1 Regular and irregular verbs 274
Appendix
2 Present and past tenses 276
Appendix
3 The future 277
Appendix
4 Modal verbs (can/could/will/would etc.) 278
Appendix
5 Short forms (I'm/you've/didn't etc.) 279
Appendix
6 Spelling 280
Appendix
7 American English 282
Additional exercises 284
Study
guide 301
Key to
Exercises 310
Key to
Additional exercises 340
Key to
Study guide 343
Index
344
THANKS
I would
like to thank all the students and teachers who used the material that made up
the original edition of this book. In particular, I am grateful to my former
colleagues at the Swan School of English,
Regarding this new edition, I would like to express my thanks to:
Jeanne McCarten
for her help and advice throughout the preparation of the project
Alison
Silver, Geraldine Mark, Peter Donovan, Ruth Carim and Nick Newton of
Gerry
Abbot, Richard Fay, Clare West and Pam Murphy for their comments on the
manuscript
Sue
Andre and Paul Heacock for their help with the appendix on American English
Amanda
MacPhall for the illustrations
TO THE STUDENT
This book is for students who want help with English grammar. It is
written for you to use without a teacher.
The book
will be useful for you if you are not sure of the answers to questions like
these:
What is
the difference between I did and I have done?
When do
we use will for the future?
What is
the structure after I wish?
When do
we say used to do and when do we say used to doing?
When do
we use the?
What is
the difference between like and as?
These
and many other points of English grammar are explained in the book and there
are exercises on each point. Level The book is intended mainly for intermediate
students (students who have already studied the basic grammar of English). It
concentrates on those structures which intermediate students want to use but
which often cause difficulty. Some advanced students who have problems with grammar
will also find the book useful.
The book
is not suitable for elementary learners.
How the
book is organized
There
are 136 units in the book. Each unit concentrates on a particular point of
grammar. Some problems (for example, the present perfect or the use of tbe) are
covered in more than one unit. For a list of units, see the Contents at the
beginning of the book.
Each
unit consists of two facing pages. On the left there are explanations and
examples; on the right there are exercises. At the back of the book there is a
Key for you to check your answers to the exercises (page 310).
There
are also seven Appendices at the back of the book (pages 274-283). These
include irregular verbs, summaries of verb forms, spelling and American
English.
Finally,
there is a detailed Index at the back of the book (page 344).
How to
use the book
The
units are not in order of difficulty, so it is not intended that you work
through the book from beginning to end. Every learner has different problems
and you should use this book to help you with the grammar that you find
difficult. It is suggested that you work in this way:
Use the
Contents and/or Index to find which unit deals with the point you are
interested in.
If you
are not sure which units you need to study, use the Study guide on page 301.
Study
the explanations and examples on the left-hand page of the unit you have
chosen.
Do the
exercises on the right-hand page.
Check
your answers with the Key.
If your
answers are not correct, study the left-hand page again to see what went wrong.
You can
of course use the book simply as a reference book without doing the exercises.
Additional exercises
At the
back of the book there are Additional exercises (pages 284-300). These
exercises bring together some of the grammar points from a number of different
units. For example, Exercise 14 brings together grammar points from Units
26-40. You can use these exercises for extra practice after you have studied
and practised the grammar in the units concerned.
TO THE TEACHER
English
Grammar in Use was written as a self-study grammar book but teachers may also
find it useful as additional course material in cases where further work on
grammar is necessary.
The book
will probably be most useful at middle- and upper-intermediate levels (where
all or nearly all of the material will be relevant), and can serve both as a
basis for revision and as a means for practicing new structures. It will also
be useful for some more advanced students who have problems with grammar and
need a book for reference and practice. The book is not intended to be used by
elementary learners.
The
units are organized in grammatical categories (Present and past, Articles and
nouns, Prepositions etc.). They are not ordered according to level of
difficulty, so the book should not be worked through from beginning to end. It
should be used selectively and flexibly in accordance with the grammar syllabus
being used and the difficulties students are having.
The book
can be used for immediate consolidation or for later revision or remedial work.
It might be used by the whole class or by individual students needing extra
help. The lefthand pages (explanations and examples) are written for the
student to use individually but they may of course be used by the teacher as a
source of ideas and information on which to base a lesson. The student then has
the left-hand page as a record of what has been taught and can refer to it in
the future. The exercises can be done individually, in class or as homework.
Alternatively (and additionally), individual students can be directed to study
certain units of the book by themselves if they have particular difficulties
not shared by other students in their class.
This new
edition of English Grammar in Use contains a set of Additional exercises
(pages284-300). These exercises provide 'mixed' practice bringing together
grammar points from a number of different units.
A
'classroom edition' of English Grammar in Use is also available. It contains no
key and some teachers might therefore prefer it for use with their students.
English Grammar in Use Second Edition
While
this Is a completely new edition of English Grammar in Use, the general
structure and character of the original book remain the same. The main changes
from the original are:
There
are new units on compound nouns (Unit 79), there and it (Unit 83), each and
every (Unit 90) and by (Unit 127).
Some
units have been redesigned, for example Unit 73 (school or the school) and Unit
94 (relative clauses 4).
Some of
the material has been reorganised. For example, Units 3-4 (present continuous
and present simple) and Units 68-69 (countable and uncountable nouns)
correspond to single units in the original edition. The material in Units
131-135 (verb + preposition) has been completely rearranged.
Some of
the units have been reordered and nearly all units have a different number from
the original edition. A few units have been moved to different parts of the
book. For example, Unit 35 (had better and it's time ...) Is the new rewritten
version of the original Unit 65.
On the
left-hand pages, many of the explanations have been rewritten and many of the
examples have been changed.
Many of
the original exercises have been either modified or completely replaced with
new exercises.
There is
a new section of Additional exercises at the back of the book (see To the
student).
In the
edition with answers there is a new Study guide to help students decide which
units to study (see To the student). The Study guide is only In the edition
with answers.
There
are two new appendices on future forms and modal verbs. The other appendices
have been revised.
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